Peak sun hours in Virginia
Virginia averages 4.4 peak sun hours a day across the year, 26th of the 50 states. At that figure a 400-watt panel produces about 1.36 kWh a day after real-world losses, and covering the 900 kWh average US bill takes about 22 panels. Virginia Beach, the state's biggest city, runs slightly ahead of the statewide figure at 4.5 hours; treat 4.4 as the midpoint of a real spread rather than a local reading.
solid mid-pack sun: 4.4 of a possible ~6.5 hours
Panel counts for Virginia bills
Computed at Virginia's 4.4 hours with 400W panels and the 0.77 derate; the US-average column shows what the same bill takes at 4.5 hours, so you can see what your state's sun is worth in hardware.
| Monthly usage | Virginia | System size | US average |
|---|---|---|---|
| 500 kWh/mo | 13 panels | 5.2 kW | 12 panels |
| 750 kWh/mo | 19 panels | 7.6 kW | 18 panels |
| 900 kWh/mo | 22 panels | 8.8 kW | 22 panels |
| 1,000 kWh/mo | 25 panels | 10 kW | 24 panels |
| 1,500 kWh/mo | 37 panels | 14.8 kW | 36 panels |
| 2,000 kWh/mo | 49 panels | 19.6 kW | 48 panels |
What 4.4 hours means in practice
Virginia is mid-pack American sun: 26th of 50 at 4.4 peak sun hours, within 2% of the national average. The 900 kWh average bill lands at 22 panels, same as the US-average count. At this tier the resource neither makes nor breaks the project, which is what the rate and the seasonal spread below are for.
How a Virginia year is shaped
The 4.4-hour figure is an annual average, and no month is average. These are the twelve monthly means for Virginia from NASA's 2001-2020 solar climatology, each as a share of the state's own annual mean, with that share applied to the 4.4-hour planning figure. June and December are marked.
| Month | Share of the annual average | Peak sun hours (est.) |
|---|---|---|
| January | 55% | 2.4 |
| February | 73% | 3.2 |
| March | 97% | 4.3 |
| April | 123% | 5.4 |
| May | 135% | 6.0 |
| June | 148% | 6.5 |
| July | 143% | 6.3 |
| August | 127% | 5.6 |
| September | 105% | 4.6 |
| October | 82% | 3.6 |
| November | 62% | 2.7 |
| December | 48% | 2.1 |
The gap between Virginia's best month and its worst is 3.1 to one: June at 148% of the annual average, December at 48%, or about 6.5 hours a day against 2.1. Four months carry 46% of the year's light. A grid-tied system rides that out on net metering without anyone noticing.
Half the Virginia calendar sits above the annual average and half below: April through September are the six months that beat it, carrying 65% of the year's light. April is already worth about 5.4 hours a day, so the productive half of the year starts earlier than most people expect.
Set that against what Virginia homes actually draw. EIA measured 1,032 kWh a month for the average household here in 2024, 20% above the US figure, which is 26 panels at the annual average sun. Hold the same house to a December and the count goes to 52, 2.0 times higher. Net metering is what makes the first number the one that matters.
Virginia is more uniform than most. The 10 grid cells sampled across the state span 6%, sunniest in the south and dimmest in the west, which scales to about 4.5 hours against 4.3. Enough to notice on a production estimate, not enough to change which system you buy. Virginia Beach sits inside that band, not at the edge of it.
What that sun is worth on a Virginia bill
| EIA, 2024 residential averages | Virginia | United States |
|---|---|---|
| Average home's monthly use | 1,032 kWh | 863 kWh |
| Price per kilowatt-hour | 14.41¢ | 16.48¢ |
| Average monthly bill | $148.77 | $142.26 |
| One 400W panel, a year's output | 495 kWh | 506 kWh |
| What that output displaces | $71 | $83 |
Cheap power cuts the other way. Virginia residential electricity averaged 14.41¢ a kilowatt-hour in 2024, 13% under the national 16.48¢ and 23rd cheapest in the country, so the same panel that offsets $83 a year at national rates offsets about $71 here. Nothing is wrong with the sun. There is just less money in each kilowatt-hour it makes.
Virginia ranks 26th of fifty for sun but 31st for what a panel is worth, 5 places lower, because the power it displaces is cheap. North Dakota gets less sun (4.3 hours to Virginia's 4.4) and pays 11.51¢ against 14.41¢, so one panel is worth about $16 more a year in Virginia than in North Dakota.
Two warnings on those dollar figures. They are displaced electricity and nothing else: no install cost, no incentive, no financing, and no assumption about how your utility settles a surplus, which is the single biggest unknown in the sum. And a state average hides the utility you are actually on; 14.41¢ is every Virginia residential customer averaged together, and neighbouring territories can differ by more than the gap between two states in the ranking.
Getting a number for your address
For a location-exact figure, run your address through NREL's free PVWatts; it uses measured weather for your grid cell and will also model roof tilt and direction, which statewide numbers cannot. Then compare its annual kWh against a quote's promise before you sign anything.
Questions people ask
How many solar panels do I need in Virginia?
About 22 400-watt panels (8.8 kW) for the 900 kWh a month an average US home uses, at Virginia's 4.4 peak sun hours. For the average Virginia home specifically, which EIA measured at 1,032 kWh a month in 2024, it is 26. Your own bill is the variable that matters, and the calculator takes any figure.
Is 4.4 peak sun hours good for solar?
It is solidly workable. Virginia sits near the national average of 4.5 hours, so panel counts here match the US-typical figures, and project economics turn on your utility's rates and net-metering terms rather than on the sun.
How much is one solar panel worth a year in Virginia?
About $71. One 400-watt panel at Virginia's 4.4 peak sun hours makes roughly 495 kWh a year after the 0.77 derate, and Virginia residential electricity averaged 14.41¢ a kilowatt-hour in 2024 (EIA), which puts Virginia 31st of the 50 states on this measure against 26th on sunlight alone. That figure is displaced electricity only. It says nothing about install cost, incentives, or how your utility settles a surplus.
Do peak sun hours change with the seasons in Virginia?
Yes, by a factor of 3.1 here. NASA's 2001-2020 climatology puts Virginia's June at 148% of the annual average and December at 48%, so the 4.4-hour figure on this page is the midpoint of a curve running from roughly 6.5 hours a day down to 2.1. Grid-tied homes bank the summer surplus as credit; off-grid designs have to size for the trough, and in Virginia that means 52 panels for an average local bill instead of 26.